There is no doubt that the Rambam, being a strict rationalist and staying away from anything Kabbalistic, would disagree with this approach. Levirate Marriage from an African Perspective. Providence Ministries is NOT incorporated with any kingdom of this world. Levirate marriage has been practiced by societies with a strong JavaScript is disabled. So, what is the true extent of this prohibition? I also talked about the Hallmark movie called Loving Leah. There was much of it I did not like, but I am always such a sucker for a chick flick. . The Sages compare one who wastes seed to a murderer, an idolater, and an adulterer (Niddah 13a-b). This is one meaning for the verse in the Torah that says Abraham and Sarah made souls in Charan (Genesis 12:5)although they were physically childless, they had produced many souls in Heaven, and these souls later came down into human form. (LogOut/ What is Levirate marriage in Scripture? Once the original union had been entered into such a subsequent union was forbidden. Where did it come from? Baptism, Torah Truth Or Tradition Of Men? Copyright 2017 Providence Ministries, All rights reserved. The institution known as Levirate Marriage (called Yibum in Hebrew) requires that a man marry the childless widow of his brother to produce a child who will carry the deceased brother's The custom of a widow marrying her deceased husbands brother or sometimes a near heir. .Join Israel Today! Rabbi Eliezer said: Whoever holds his member when he urinates is as though he had brought a flood on the world. Rabbi Tarfon later adds that his hand should be cut off! A Levirate Marriage would occur when the husband of a woman died (making her a widow), and they had With regard, specifically, to the levirate institution: the more fundamental question is whether this arrangement is strictly a "marriage" in the full/robust sense. Other topics I discussed in this lesson were Divorce and Remarriage and A Man Shall Die For His Own Sin. A change of religion on the part of the surviving Her husbands brother shall come unto her [have intercourse with her], and take her to him as a wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother unto her. The classic example of a levirate marriage in Scripture is Ruths marital relationship with Boaz, her husbands relative. That passage doesn't say anything about anyone in question being deceased, and considering Christ's rebuke of the Sadducees for supposing that there would be marriage in the resurrection (if there were a resurrection, which they denied) and the Apostle Paul's clear statement in Romans that death annuls marriage, there is good reason to think the passage refers to a. 1 This type of marriage has, for many years, been practiced among various societies in the world. Levirate marriage is a type of marriage whereby a woman marries one of her husbands brothers after the death of her own husband. Since the initials of these parashas spell shovavim, it is thought to be an auspicious time for such repentance. A levirate marriage is literally a marriage with a brother-in-law.. 16 palabras invlidas de 3 definiciones Establishing Yehovah's Image & Kingdom on Earth! Boaz was a relative of Ruths late husband, see (Ruth 2:20). In this context I discussed the story of Tamar and in the story of Naomi and Ruth, and we get to see Torah being lived out right before our eyes; as we see the near of kin, redeeming of the land which was previously sold, and the levirate marriage instructions in action. ), and in the Book of Ruth, with Ruth and Boaz. This brings questions concerning the Levirate marriage. Establishing ones lineage was a type of land deed. Sources: Kolatch, Alfred J. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Therefore a person should not enter his wife and release outside of her Those who release semen with their hands, beyond the fact that they commit a great transgression, a person who does this will abide under a ban of ostracism. The ghost marriage is a practice similar to the levirate, whereby a woman marries a man in the name of his deceased brother. His Wife / His Ish-shah In Torah. The seed wasted indirectly by tzaddikim may similarly produce such protective garments, especially when it happens during proper, loving, holy zivug (union) between husband and wife. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. A levirate marriage is when the unmarried brother of a deceased man is obliged to marry his brothers widow. If he did this, it was considered a lack of love and respect for his deceased brother. Er did not want to impregnate Tamar so that her beauty would not be ruined. Levirate marriage is not practiced today in modern Judaism or Christianity. Modesto The brother (oldest / unmarried assumed) of the deceased was then to marry the widow, and have a child with her. Baal / Master / Husband In Torah; Born Again Series. The institution known as Levirate Marriage (called Yibum in Hebrew) requires that a man marry the childless widow of his brother to produce a child who will carry the deceased brother's name, so that the deceased brother's name will not be forgotten. Ruth is married to Boaz in a Levirate-like We are dedicated to our historic Creeds and Confessions because we believe they are faithful to the Scriptures. Thanks for the Hosea 2 reference. Levirate marriage (yibbum) is the obligation of a surviving brother to marry the widow of his brother if he died without having sired children (Deuteronomy 25:5-6).The corollary is that the It is important to repeat that this entails being an actual tzaddikbeing righteous, just, observant, modest, humble, selflessand being intimate in a holy, loving, kosher, monogamous union. Unfortunately, Er was evil in the eyes of God, and God put him to death. (Genesis 38:7) As was customary in those days, since Er died without a son, it was expected that his brother, Onan, would perform levirate marriage and take Tamar as his wife. For them to have seed and not have one for the deceased would have been a breach of purpose and not a Levirate marriage but a forbidden Leviticus 18 marriage of next of kin. On that note, it is worth mentioning that a couple that is childless, or already pregnant, is absolutely allowed to continue to be intimate, and this is not at all considered wasting seed. For example, Isaiah 1:15 says And when you spread forth your hands, I will hide My eyes from you; when you make many prayers, I will not hear, [because] your hands are full of blood. Rabbi Elazar says that hands are full of blood is referring to those who masturbate, since spilling seed is like spilling blood! Levirate Marriage. And Judah said unto Onan, go in unto thy brothers wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother. (Genesis 38:8), Saying, Master, Moses said, if a man dies having no children, his brother shall marry his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother. (Matthew 22:24), If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger: her husbands brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of a husbands brother unto her. (Deuteronomy 25:5). For more FREE audio teachings like this one (beginning at Genesis 1), visit our Join Us for Sabbath page. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Ruths original husband died without a child, see (Ruth 1:1-5). The later Kabbalists understood that the Torah carries no explicit punishment for wasting seed, but found an allusion to a more mystical punishment. View all posts by Michael Didier , Your email address will not be published. Was Ruth a true wife to Boaz? Levirate marriage is mentioned in the Bible as a standard marriage regulation among the ancient Hebrews. Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which the brother of a deceased man is obliged to marry his brother's widow. However, a Levirate marriage did supersede the Leviticus 18 requirement for the greater need. Among the Akan and Yanomamo, the levirate is associated with cross cousin marriage regimes and performs very much the same function. NY: Jonathan David Publishers, 1989. After all, the yetzer hara works in such a way that it gets a person to make a tiny sin, and slowly leads them to greater transgressions. In the same book Ezk.16, God describes him as married to Jerusalem--is that three wives? If any of these conditions do not exist, it is not a Levirate marriage and is clearly forbidden. The word Levirate comes from the Latin word levir, meaning husbands brother. A Levirate Marriage would occur when the husband of a woman died (making her a widow), and they had not had a child together. The Sages recognized how incredibly difficult the latter case can be, and stated that a young bachelor who lives in the city and can still hold himself back from sexual sins is so praiseworthy that God personally calls out his name in Heaven every day (Pesachim 113a). The term comes from the Latin levir, meaning husbands brother. The brother may be a biological sibling of the deceased or a person who is socially classified as such. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. I would argue that it is a true marriage. Definition. Deuteronomy 24 16 A Man Shall Die For His Own Sin. Onanism, also called coitus interruptus, is the interrupting of sexual intercoursespecifically, the purposeful withdrawal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation occurs. In the same pages, we read how Rav Yochanan holds that one who wastes seed deserves death. (The Talmud adds that intimacy during the third trimester is particularly healthy for both mother and baby, see Niddah 31a.) So Onan took selfish advantage of Levirate marriage. 157). Levirate Marriage: An Overview. Is levirate marriage biblical? Every American Presbyterian denomination, even the most conservative, such as the RPCNA, no longer subscribes to that line of the 1646 because the Scripture is clear that marriage does not bind after death. Or is it a literary device? The word levirate, which has nothing to do with the tribe of Levi, comes from the Latin word levir, a husbands brother.. Some bungled levirate The commandment is forbidding a union between a man and his brother's wife period. This is why it is senseless to ask shall we sin, that grace may increase? (Romans 6:1). Is it wrong to According to the Old Testament, levirate It was to be a memorial of the unity of the faith. Please Contact Michael to help support his work in building Yehovahs kingdom on the earth. Levirate, custom or law decreeing that a widow should, or in rare cases must, marry her dead husbands brother. (En ingls) levirate n. (countable) A marriage between a widow and her deceased husbands (En ingls) levirate n. (anthropology) The institution of levirate marriage. The clear teaching of Leviticus 18 is that marriage to a relative is forbidden. It was simply a practice of the Israelite people in Old Testament times. And my own denomination addressed the issue of the marrying of one's "deceased wife's sister" when the UK legalised such a union in the early 1900s. In Leviticus 18, God instructs that marriage to a relative, either blood or affinity, is sin. Wow! And it shall be that the firstborn that she bears shall carry the name of the brother that died so that his name not be blotted out of Israel.. However, he writes in the same place that although many things are permitted when done consensually between husband and wife, it is nonetheless important to be exceedingly modest when it comes to sexuality. The word itself is taken from Latin word levir, which means husbands brother. The instructions given to Yehovahs Ezrach men concerning the levirate marriage is all about preserving the name of thy brother, another man of Israel, by Such is the opinion of Tzror haMor (Rabbi This charitable ministry is not for profit and maintains its nontaxable status consistent with 26 USC 508(c)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code with respect to 501 (c)(3) organizations special rules as a mandatory exception. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. They resort to various colourful interpretations of Scriptural verses in an attempt to illustrate the evils of wasting seed. The souls that Abraham and Sarah made all those years come down into the bodies of converts, which is the deeper reason why all converts are referred to as ben Avraham and bat Sarah. The Rambam did not believe in demons or evil spirits, and refused to accept the validity of many Kabbalistic ideas and practices. Levirate marriage (Heb. Books can be ordered online at www. In reality, the Sages are hard-pressed to find a good source for the prohibition. They discuss the practice of the Levirate marriage. Considering how strictly the Sages spoke about not wasting seed, we might be surprised to find that it is not one of the 613 commandments. This narrative is then used as proof from the Torah that wasting seed is among the gravest of prohibitions. (LogOut/ 6 O primeiro filho que ela tiver levar o nome do irmo falecido, para que o seu nome no seja apagado de Israel. These impure spiritspotential souls that are brought into this world without a bodyattach to a mans neck and cause him great damage, and can harm his children, too. The Puritan Board is a forum dedicated to the discussion of Christian theology in a Confessionally Reformed context. The wife must marry the deceaseds brother, if available, or next of kin. That's bad exegesis. And yet, the Torah itself does not actually prohibit wasting seed anywhere, at least not explicitly. Whether the levirate marriage was commanded by God or a custom is unclear. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, Menstruation and Family Purity (Taharat HaMishpacha), 1998 - 2022 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. The Levirate marriage was an ancient custom sanctioned by practice in Genesis 38:8 f.f. Having to do with ones husbands brother. This was because one of the creation ordinances was to be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. One unable to have children felt the rebuke of his neighbors (Genesis 3:1-2,23; 1 Samuel 1:6-10; Luke 1:25) and resorted to earnest prayer (Genesis 25:21; The general instruction is clearly taught that marriage to a relative is forbidden. A Levirate Marriage also had a secondary value in that it would provide the widow with a husband, as well as a child (or children) to care for and protect her. As noted above, the specific stipulation in Deuteronomy, the wife of the deceased should not marry a Our church opposed the change in the law and to this day forbids such a marriage. Ruth is married to Boaz in a Levirate-like marriage (actually a kinsman marriage). Yehovah, THE Lawmaker And Judge, Is First! We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. It may not display this or other websites correctly. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. It is represented in many contemporary societies, including the Igbo and the Akan, and Yanomamo. The two instances of Levirate Marriage in the Old Testament can be found in (Genesis 38:1-30) with Tamar and Er/Onan (quite an interesting story! This is what was despicable to God. Interestingly, he bases himself on the verses in the Torah concerning the deaths of Er and Onan! The classic example of a levirate marriage in Scripture is Ruths marital relationship with Boaz, her husbands relative. The question supposes that sin would be good and desirable in itself, if only we were allowed to pursue it. sustained as kin would accept him as the father of the child, the wife would stay with the spouse and the child/son would acknowledge him as the father. The Levirate marriage was an ancient custom sanctioned by practice in Genesis 38:8 f.f. The word has nothing to do with the name Levi or the biblical Levites but is so called because of the Latin levir, meaning husbands brother, connected with the English suffix -ate, thus constituting levirate. Answer: The ceremony of releasing a woman is still practiced today in Orthodoxy, but the policy is not to have the couple marry. It is unqualified, because if he's dead, she's not his wife. [Click here to download this audio mp3]. JackKettler .com. This system of marriage is designated in Deut. Levirate marriage has been practiced. The Sages are equating wasting seed with the worst possible sins. 2D13 Deuteronomy 24-25 Levirate Marriage The limits of subjection to ungodlyauthorities. and by law in Deuteronomy 25:5-10 and by example in Ruth 4:1-17. However, the practice was connected to the time when Israel was in the promised land, and genealogies were important, especially in regard to how Israelites passed on their land inheritance to their children. It should also be noted that Ruth/Boaz, and the firstborn son of this marriage (Obed) are in the lineage to Jesus (Mt 1:5)(Lk 4:32)(Ruth 4:17-22). O irmo do marido se casar com ela e cumprir com ela o dever de cunhado. Deuteronomy 24 16 A Man Shall Die For His Own Sin; Zoor or Ger The Choice For Every Man; Words Of Yehovah. The Torah takes every possible opportunity to remind us to love each other wholeheartedly (as we are all brothers), and that tragedies always befall the Jewish people when we lack brotherly loveas our Sages explicitly state countless times. The Torah does state that a man who has an emission is impure for purposes of going to the Temple. Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. (2 Timothy 2:15), Mr. Kettler has previously published articles in the Chalcedon Report and Contra Mundum. The following Scripture citations give a glimpse of levirate marriage. Its the action of regaining or gaining possession of something in exchange for payment, or clearing a debt. God is perfect and would not command us to do that which is immoral. The instructions were that a deceased mans brother or nearest male kin was required to marry his brothers widow and raise up a seed in his brothers name. In fact, there are those who say these souls are given to converts, who receive a Jewish soul upon their successful conversion. Levirate marriages were to preserve families from extinction and property from passing to strangers (Exodus 15:17-18). Sons Of Israel / Benai Israel Who Are They? As we know, Yehuda would end up being with Tamar himself, and out of that union would come Peretz, the ancestor of King David. The fact that NT writers did not spend much time 'apologizing' about OT polygamy leads me to believe it is kind of a 'no-brainer'. (LogOut/ The marriage was not motivated by compassion for the poor widow left alone but for her deceased husbands name. Onan was happy to marry Tamar, but, knew that the progeny would not be his, and it came about, when he came to his brothers wife, he wasted [his semen] on the ground, in order not to give seed to his brother. #1. The motive and purpose must be proper, or it too would be a forbidden relationship. Expert Answers: According to the Old Testament, levirate marriage is enacted as a law in Deuteronomy 25:5-10 strictly requiring the levir to perform the duty of marrying his. This Mosaic law is at the heart of one of the arguments between the Sadducees and Jesus. Leviticus 18. Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which a woman marries one of her husband's brothers after her husband's death. God Himself describes Himmself as polygynous. There are two instances of Levirate Marriage being practiced in the Old Testament, and one occurred in Genesis, hence showing that it preceded the law.. Ordinary Guy (TM) Apr 17, 2019. Righteous Actions Precede Spiritual Awakenings, Commandments Were Given To Yehovahs Son/Seed. The Levirate Law as Rooted in Contract Language. All of this is right in line with the Torahs persistent theme of brothers failing to love each other, starting with Cain and Abel and continuing through Isaac and Ishmael, Jacob and Esau, Joseph and his brothers, and Yehudas sons. The brother (oldest / unmarried assumed) of the deceased was then to marry the widow, and have a child with her. ***Note: In the law, God actually forbid a man from from marrying his brothers wife (Lev 18:16)(Lev 20:21). These are the things one must give up their life for in order to avoid, even if coerced. Noahs Ark and the Tower of Babel: Not What You Think. It also likely is being referred to in (***Note: Tradition says that spit in his face was actually spitting on the ground in front of his feet. We must remember that the Talmud often uses hyperbole to get a point across and it isnt always wise to take statements literally. The sin here was not the act of wasting seed, but rather disrespecting his own brother, and refusing to fulfil the mitzvah of levirate marriage. In fact, even the Arizal taught that, in certain special cases, wasted seed can serve a positive purpose. This general rule is qualified later. See Gen 38:6-11, Rut 1:12-13, 4:1-6, and recall that levirate marriage may be behind the different genealogies of Jesus given in Matthew and Luke. ***Note: Some Bible versions say the first son instead of the firstborn in (Deut 25:6), but since God said in (Num 27:1-8) that a daughter could also inherit the name and property of a deceased father, firstborn (son or daughter) is likely the correct translation. The Rambams contemporary, Rabbi Yehuda haHasid (1150-1217), wrote in his Sefer Hasidim that while masturbation is forbidden, and requires a great deal of penance to repair, it is occasionally permitted if it will prevent a person from a more serious sin. Going back to the subject at hand, nowhere else in the Torah is wasting seed an issue. If one is married, and there is genuine loving intimacy between husband and wife, the prohibition is no longer so clear cut. God portrayed himself as being united to two wives--which was actually one people and one "marriage," Hos.2. You are using an out of date browser. I guess I would have to say that ethnic-cleansing is not per se sinful, because God commanded at least one class of people to be obliterated and that instance was not sinful, therefore, ethnic cleansing is not innately sinful, only the wrong kind of ethnic cleansing. Your email address will not be published. The classic answer is that they wasted their seed (as the Torah states above), which is why they were punished so severely. It goes without saying that the Sages were exceedingly careful to avoid any sexual transgressions, and raised many fences to ensure that no one should even come close to sinning so gravely. */. No other punishment is prescribed, irrespective of why the man might have the emission. The big question is: what was it that Er and Onan did that was so despicable to God? On that note, the Rambam himself wrote elsewhere (Commentary on the Mishnah, Sanhedrin 7:4) that wasting seed is not an explicit Torah prohibition, and carries no actual punishment of any kind. He wanted her solely for physical pleasure. Providence Ministries is an affiliate of the Director of Ecclesiastical Enterprises, a Washington State acknowledged corporation sole of the ecclesia on file with the Secretary of the State. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); What are the stones mentioned in Isaiah54:11? LEVIRATE MARRIAGE AND ALIA. The word levirate, which has nothing to do with the tribe of Levi, comes from the Latin word levir, a husbands brother. In ancient times, if a man died without a child, it was common for the mans unmarried brother to marry the widow in order to provide an heir for the deceased. In The Rambam (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, 1135-1204) codifies as law the prohibition of wasting seed, whether with ones partner or on their own (Mishneh Torah, Issurei Biah 21:18): It is forbidden to release semen wastefully. He was to be publically disgraced and humiliated by the widow (she was to spit in his face), and his reputation amongst the Israelites would be severely damaged. A Levirate Marriage would occur when the husband of a woman died (making her a widow), and they had not had a child together. What the Torah says is that Onan did not want to fulfil the mitzvah of levirate marriage. God is perfect and would not command us to do that which is immoral. A:We see what is called a Levirate Marriage explained in (Deut 25:5-10). The kinship and family framework would be conflict. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Yehudas eldest son, Er, marries a beautiful woman named Tamar. It was to be a memorial of deliverance from the bondage of sin and death. So it's OK to marry one's step daughter if the mother has died? ***Note: Notice that in the book of Ruth, Ruths deceased husband had no surviving brothers to carry out the Levirate Marriage. Required fields are marked *. The marriage was not necessary if the brother left a child by another marriage, even if such a child were on the point of death (l.c. The point, rather, is to teach us that such is the art of the evil inclination: Today it incites man to do one wrong thing, and tomorrow it incites him to worship idols and he proceeds to worship them. (Niddah 13b) The Sages are specifically referring to one who fantasizes to give himself an erection, and that such a person should be expelled. What type of marriage is known as levirate marriage? Pergamum. For this sin, Yahweh put Onan to death as well (Gen 38:10). Having said that, many other great authorities in Jewish law were more lenient when it comes to wasting seed, especially when the intention is not evil. In Shaar HaGilgulim (ch. You can play all sorts of games with biblical morality. The word Levirate comes from the Latin word levir , meaning husbands brother.. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. God commanded the OT Jews to marry multiple women (The Levirite However, the teaching is God-given and was binding upon the nation of Israel. Since his time, it has become customary in some communities to focus on purifying from sexual sins and from wasted seed during the weeks when we read the consecutive parashas of Shemot, Vaera, Bo, Beshalach, Yitro, and Mishpatim. http://weareisrael.org/?page_id=25 25:510 (see also Gen. 38:8), is If the intention is pure, and the couple has fulfilled the mitzvah of procreation (so they are obviously not trying to avoid having children), then occasionally wasting seed is permissible. Shavuot / Pentecost / Feast of Weeks 2022, The Truth About Shavuot By Nehemia Gordon, Yom Kippur rim 2022 (1 of 3) Day of Coverings, Sukkot / Feast of Tabernacles 2022 1 of 3, Balaam Ben Beor Ben Janeas Ben Balaam Ben Beor, Torah, The Words Of The LORD (Yehovah) Given Through Moses, Two Witnesses Mark The Beginning Of The End, Abram And Lot Separate Lot Was Not With Abram, Yehovahs Servants (7) Shalach The Sent One, Yehovahs Servants (6) Redeemed From Among Men, Shem, Noah And Abraham All Lived Together For 39 Years. Is this the claim? Well it would certainly be weird but so are cousin marriages and I think we all agree those are acceptable by biblical standards. Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which a surviving brother is obligated to marry his brothers widow if he died without being able to have children. 7 Se, todavia, ele no quiser casar In short, the fear is that a person will get accustomed to bad habits, and it will end up leading to more severe transgressions. While the Torah tells us that Er was evil in Gods eyes, it does not explain why. The marriage was not a result of love for the lovely widow but love for Gods law. (See, for example, Shaar HaMitzvot on Noach). From these commentaries, and the Torahs own simple reading, we can definitively conclude that the sin was not the wasting of seed itself but the evil ulterior motives behind it, especially greed and disrespect for a brother. Such union, while not fruitful in this world, corresponds to heavenly unions that are spiritually fruitful. The word Levir is Latin and means a husbands brother. The term Levirate is man-given and does not refer to the tribe of Levi or the priesthood. More importantly, Ruth bore a son named Obed, who fathered Jesse, the father of David and a forefather of Jesus (see Matthew 1:5-6). Learn how your comment data is processed. In Deuteronomy 25:5-10, God commands the brother of one deceased to marry his brothers wife and raise up seed in his name. It would appear that later the levirate marriage came to be regarded as obligatory only when the widow had no children of either sex. The Septuagint translates "ben" (son) in the passage of Deuteronomy by "child," and the Sadducees in the New Testament take it in this sense (Mark xii. 19; comp. Josephus, "Ant." iv. 8, 23). They taught that wasting seed produces banim shovavim, literally wayward children (a term that comes from Jeremiah 3:14 and 3:22). To refuse to do this meant public embarrassment to the one who refused. Levirate marriage is a marriage in which a childless widow marries her husband's brother in order to continue the line of her dead husband. That it has been historically interpreted in a certain way does not ensure that that interpretation is correct. .. For them to marry and not make every attempt to raise a seed for the deceased would have been a forbidden marriage of.
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