After the flood, God told Noah and his family to go out and fill the entire Earth with people. A king of Shinar (Amraphel) took part in the coalition which raided Sodom and Gomorrah (14:1) and was defeated by Abraham. Briefly, the system may be described as syllabic for the prefixes and suffixes, and ideographic for the roots. Proud member
The later kings of Babylon sometimes bear the title "king of Eridu," as though rulers of the domain of Paradise. Scholars generally assume that Shinar is the Hebrew interpretation of what is commonly referred to as Sumer. Shinar was an ancient name for the land of Babylon. In 11:2 Shinar is described as the land of the plain where migrants from the East settled, and founded Babel, the city, and its great tower. He was a mighty hunter before the LORD; therefore it is said, "Like Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD.". was influential since the same script was taken over for use in the Sem. The Syriac Sen'ar5. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name:Though sometimes identified with the Babylonian Sumer, the connection of Shinar with that name is doubtful. The term Sumer, used since 2350 b.c. Amar-Suen, who died of infection from a foot ailment, was buried in the Royal Cemetery at Ur with his fathers. It is clear from Genesis 10:10 (J) that Shinar was the Hebrew name of a land which included both Babylon and Erech, e., both northern and southern Babylonia. Chinese and Turkish, however, have had time to pass through many changes since Sumerian was current in Shinar. 2. of
The Chinese affinities seem less close, but the following may be quoted: a(y)a "father," Chinese ye (Amoy ia); ge, "night," Chinese ye; gu, "to speak," Chinese yu; shu, "hand," Chinese sheu; kin, "business," Chinese kung, "work"; etc. [2] B. South of the Ur lay Eridu, or, in full, Guruduga, "the good city," wherein, apparently, lay the earthly Paradise. mr jatt mp3 song download pagalworld. As one of its early kings, Berosus mentions Alorus, "the shepherd of the people," as having reigned for 10 sari, or 36,000 years. Shinar was apparently first peopled by Turanian tribes, who tilled the land and made bricks and built cities. His descendants, if of pure race, inherited the divine grace which he enjoyed. To show this the following transcribed example will probably suffice: 13. Notwithstanding the destruction sometimes wrought, the floods were always welcomed in consequence of the fruitfulness which followed, and which was such as to make Babylonia one of the most fertile tracts known. Isobands are a kind of contour line that here indicate confidence levels. It is true that many specimens are crude and uncouth, but this is probably due to the sculptors having been, often enough, the slaves of their material. Phut (Gen. 10:6; Ezek. Genesis 14:9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. It is also significant that the Euphrates is named after one of the most famous rivers in the Pre-Flood world. According to the tradition, it was there that the "dark vine" grew--a type, seemingly, of the tree of life. 1. We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. Ur-Nammus code of laws is the oldest to have yet survived in a land which was renowned for its tradition and continuity of ideas. Some Assyriologists considered inar a western variant or cognate of umer (Sumer), with their original being the Sumerians' own name for their country, ki-en-gi(-r), but this is "beset with philological difficulties". (16) Other Well-known Cities:Other well-known cities, possibly state-capitals, were Larak, Greek Laranche; Amarda, one of the centers of the worship of Nergal; Asnunna, a province East of the present Bagdad; Dilmu, now Dailem; Nuru, Ennigi, and Kakra, seemingly centers of the worship of Hadad; Tilmun, at the head of the Persian Gulf, and including the island of Bahrein; the province of Sabu; Seseb or Bagdadu, possibly the modern Bagdad; and several others.10. The longest historiographic text is the Curse of Agade which city was seen to have been destroyed by the Guti as punishment for its evil by the gods using international military forces. A period of splendor under the Sem. They said to each other, "Let us make bricks Shushan. It is thought that these incidents, though evidently mythical, point to the introduction of civilization into Babylonia, from this point.See also JONAH; JONAH, THE BOOK OF. This is identified with the present `Abu-shahrein, and was the seat of Ea or Enki, god of the sea and of fertilizing streams. It says that nimrods kingdom is said to have been babel, (babylon ), in the land of shinar.. A designation for the land of Babylonia. as well as for the non-Sem. It may be suspected that Shinar was the name by which the Hebrews originally knew the lower Mesopotamian country where they so long dwelt, and which Abraham brought with him from "Ur of the Chaldees. The reference to known Babylonian cities within Shinar (Gen 10:10; 11:2) and the equation with Babylon of the Exile (Dan 1:2) makes the identification with Babylonia almost certain. When it is prepared, she will be set there in her own place. 2. Its chief towns were Babel, Erech and Accad, and its most famous warrior was Nimrod (Gen 10:9-10; Gen 11:1-9; Gen 14:1; Isa 11:11; Dan 1:2). Babylon was located in Shinar, in ancient Mesopotamia on the eastern bank of the Euphrates River. Practically East of Fara lay Umma or Gisuh (or Giuh), now Jokha. The Syriac Sen'ar:All these comparisons tend to show that the Babylonian equivalent of Shinar is not any of the above, and as yet has not, in fact, been found. [2] In the Book of Genesis 10:10, the beginning of Nimrod's kingdom is said to have been "Babel [Babylon], and Erech [Uruk], and Akkad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." 7. Bible Gateway Plus makes it simple. The northern tract was called Akkad, after the name of its capital city (see ACCAD). 78:51; 105:23-27; 106:22). The principal difficulty lies in the fact that what might be regarded as the non-dialectical form singar (which would alone furnish a satisfactory basis of comparison) is not found, and would, if existent, only apply to the southern portion of Babylonia. Jubilees 10:20 states that the Tower of Babel was built with bitumen from the sea of Shinar. Shinar: shi'-nar (shin'ar; Senaar Sen(n)aar): 1. South and a little West of Adab was Surippak, now Fara. After the Flood the king list declares that kingship was let down again from heaven, first in Kish. Seventy-eight kings held sway in Kish, Ur, Uruk (Erech), Mari and other named cities. The Philistines also came from Mizraim (Gen. 10:14). The Sumerians Probably in Shinar before the Semites9. Genesis 14:1 chapter context similar meaning "And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations;" Genesis 14:1 KJV copy save Verse 11:2 states that Shinar enclosed the plain that became the site of the Tower of Babel after the Great Flood. It may be objected that the system which they introduced was cumbersome and imperfect, but they knew of nothing simpler, and modern Chinese, with which their script has been compared, is far less practical. The broad, squat figures which they produced, however, gave them bad models for their bas-reliefs, and it was long ere this defect was removed, notwithstanding the superior work produced by their seal-engravers during and after the 4th millennium BC. The isobands you see on the map (gray areas with dark borders) attempt to give you confidence where a region is. This fact has made it difficult for scholars to agree upon the origin of the . According to Genesis 10, Babel in the land of Shinarthe region of Babylonia as it is referred to in Egyptian and other ancient sources 2 is "the beginning" of Nimrod's kingdom (Gen. . The Sumer. Sharp cold, with frost, succeeds the heat of summer, and from time to time sand-storms sweep across the plain. In the past, many have argued with me about the true location of the land of Shinar. The people of Shinar began to build a city with a high tower that would . The American excavations on this site have thrown a flood of light upon almost every branch of Assyriological research. This location of Shinar is first mentioned in Genesis 10 in relationship to Nimrod and the building of his kingdom. This, which belongs to the southern region, is very inaccessible on account of the watercourses and marshes. 2. Accordingly, he proposed that Shinar was in Upper Mesopotamia, but acknowledged that the Bible gives important evidence that it was in the south. In Genesis 10:10 it is the district wherein lay Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, cities which were the "beginning" of Nimrod's kingdom. In 11:2 Shinar is described as the land of the plain where migrants from the East settled, and founded Babel, the city, and its great tower. Indeed, after this dynasty no other kings classed themselves as gods in Mesopotamia. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name: Though sometimes identified with the Babylonian Sumer, the connection of Shinar with that name is doubtful. The Primitive Tongue of Shinar6. The States of Shinar:At the earliest period to which our records refer the Sumerians of Shinar were divided into a number of small states, of which the following may be regarded as the principal:(1) Sippar:Sippar or Sippar-Aruru (-Ya'ruru), possibly including Accad (Genesis 10:10), some distance Southwest of Bagdad. (5) Adab:Adab, now called Bismaya, the city of Mah, the goddess of reproduction. This will not only give an idea of the poetical form of the Sumerian legend of the Creation by Merodach and Aruru, but also show how short and concise, as a language, was the speech of Shinar, before Semitic supremacy. I. the gods were portrayed as exceptionally powerful humans. This center of learning maintained its independence even after the other states had been absorbed by Hammurabi and his dynasty into the Babylonian empire. Though sometimes identified with the Babylonian Sumer, the connection of Shinar with that name is doubtful. rulers, with but brief intervals, until conquered by Cyrus the Persian in 539 b.c. Shinar shows up in various places in the Bible, such as in Genesis 14:1 as the place ruled by one of the kings in the coalition that attacked Sodom and captured Lot. The Sumerians Probably in Shinar before the Semites 9. One of the earliest rulers of Adab was seemingly called Lugal-dalu, of whom a fine statue, discovered by the American explorers, exists. The name given, in the earliest Hebrew records, to Babylonia, later called Babel, or the land of Babel (babhel, 'erets babhel). includes essays, one, like Job, discussing human suffering. It is true that many specimens are crude and uncouth, but this is probably due to the sculptors having been, often enough, the slaves of their material. The state of Babylon probably included Cuthah. His brother, Shu-Suen (2038-2030 b.c.) Unless otherwise indicated, all content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Genesis 10:8-12. In the ancient plains of Shinar, an evil was born: the first world king, the prototype transhuman, the ultimate despot, the Son of Perdition - Nimrod. ", 7. The Sumerians Probably in Shinar before the Semites: Though there is no certain indication which race entered Shinar first, it is to be noted that Nimrod, presumably Shinar's first king and the founder of its great cities, was a son of Cush (Genesis 10:8), and the name of Shinar seems to have existed before the foundation of Babel (Babylon) and its tower (Genesis 11:2). Daniel 1:2 The Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God; and he carried them into the land of Shinar to the house of his god: and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god. speech [eme.sal dialect]). Shinar was an ancient name for the land of Babylon. KJV, ASV, DARBY, YLT, AMP, LEB, HCSB, WEB, BBE, EMB, ISV, NET, WBS, NASB, KJ2000, more Verse Concepts Gen 11:2 Tools Origin. Like the whole of Shinar in general, it is more or less dried up in summer, and unhealthy for Europeans. The coming of the Flood was revealed to Ut-napistim here. A fine garment looted by Achan near Jericho was described as coming from Shinar (Josh 7:21, KJV Babylonish). Everything points, therefore, to the Sumerians having been in Babylonia before the Semitic inhabitants. So it is plausible that there was a second region referred to as Cush (latter) located where the proposed Gihon River was, and as referenced in Genesis 2:13 or what became Elam. Sumerian has no proven relation to any other language, ancient or modern. About 18 miles North of Babylon lay Kes, now Oheimer--a foundation which seems to have preceded Babylon as the capital of Shinar. General Editor. Genesis 11:2 It happened, as they traveled east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they lived there. This northern identification might suit Genesis 14:1 but is of itself not evidence for it. Most likely, the Tower of Babel was something known as a ziggurat structure built by the people of Shinar (historians have not come to a conclusion as to the exact location of Shinar). Their deities, however, always had hair and beard, implying that they came from a different, though possibly related, stock. SHINAR shn r (; , ). Shinar in the Bible Meaning: watch of him that sleeps Exact Match Gen 10:10 Tools And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. It was renowned for its temple to the moon, and for the kings known as the dynasty of Ur: Sur-Engur, Dungi, Bur-Sin, Gimil-Sin, and Ibi-Sin. Shinar Place Holder Bible References Genesis 11:2-3 (country of two rivers), the ancient name of the great alluvial tract through which the Tigris and Euphrates pass before reaching the seathe tract known in later times as Chaldaea or Babylonia. For the rest, the principal differences between Sumerian and Semitic Babylonian are:(1) post-positional suffixes instead of prepositions;(2) verbs with long strings of prefixes and infixes to express the persons and regimens, instead of a prefix and a suffix;(3) compound words, both nouns and verbs, are common instead of being exceedingly rare. 2. The Primitive Tongue of Shinar 6. In the days of his successor, Ishbi-Irra, a vain attempt to enlist Elamite help against these western Semites failed and the city fell in 2006. )(10) Larsa:Somewhat to the Southeast of Warka lay Larsa, the "Ellasar" of Genesis 14:1 (which see). The coming of the Flood was revealed to Ut-napistim here. Get a larger copy of this map and a license to use it in your presentation, book or website. I. Their deities, however, always had hair and beard, implying that they came from a different, though possibly related, stock. And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots: and the Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD ; and shall make him of quick understanding in the fear of the LORD : and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes . 8. Mizraim means "double." Tribes of the double Egypt (upper and lower Egypt), called the land of Ham, came from him (Ps. the writing was pictographic, the earliest examples being found at Warka (Uruk IV) and neighboring sites, but this soon gave way to a well-developed polysyllabic writing employing more than four hundred different signs. Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name: Though sometimes identified with the Babylonian Sumer, the connection of Shinar with that name is doubtful. New International Version (NIV), [http://biblegateway/wiki/Ziggurat, Ziggurrat ZIGGURRAT]. Genesis 10:10 Parallel Verses [ See commentary ] Genesis 10:10, NIV: The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh, in Shinar. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. In Egyp. Use. Each city had its principal god and temple. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name: and art. The System Employed, with an Example:E nu-DU URU nu-DIM, A house was not built, a city was not constructed;URU nu-DIM ADAM nu-mun-GAR, A city was not constructed, a community he had not founded;ABZU nu-DU GURUDUGA nu-DIM, The abyss was not built, Eridu was not constructed;E AZAGA DINGIRene KI-DURA-bi nu-DIM, The holy house of the gods, its seat was not constructed;Su-NIGIN KURKURAgi AABBAama, The whole of the lands was sea.The nominal and verbal roots of the above extract from the bilingual account of the Creation are in capitals, and the pronominal prefixes and suffixes, with a couple of lengthenings which determine the pronunciations of the nouns, in small letters. Thus Nanna(r), or Suen the later moon-god Sin, was god of Ur; An, the sky-god at Uruk, Enki(Ea) god of the deep waters and mysteries at the sea port of Eridu. This was the birthplace of the Babylonian Noah, Ut-napistim, son of Opartes (Umbara-Tutu), a Chaldean of Larancha. The royal graves found at Ur belong to this dynasty and bear witness to the wealth of this time. and it cometh to pass, in their journeying from the east, that they find a valley in the land of Shinar, and dwell there; YLT Genesis 11:2 Though it seems to have fallen early under the dominion of the Semites, it was at first Sumerian, as its native name, Zimbir, and the ideographic writing thereof show. In its opening passage, Daniel calls Babylon the " land of Shinar ," an intentional link to the story of the Tower of Babel and the founding of the city of Babylon. The Shinar Directive serves as a kingdom intelligence briefing for God's people in the 21 st Century. Detailed definition: The ancient name for the territory later known as Babylonia or Chaldea. The Shinar Directive: Preparing the Way for the Son of Perdition. Zechariah 5:11 He said to me, "To build her a house in the land of Shinar. 6th century BC. Some distance Southeast of Babylon lay Nippur or Niffur, now Niffer (Noufar), identified by the rabbis with the "Calneh" of Genesis 10:10. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. His achitectural activities extended beyond Ur, which he virtually rebuilt, to Uruk, Eridu, and Nippur. dialects of Assyrian and Babylonian (Akkad.) It was a plain country, where brick had to be used for stone and slime for mortar. The whole of Sumer was henceforth in the hands of Sem. The enduring archaeological question, therefore, is where the Tower of Babel was built. Genesis 10:10, KJV: And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Copyright 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. The most celebrated were the reformer Uru-ka-gina and viceroy Gudea, to whom many erections in the city were due. Definition: Shinar, a plain in Babylonia. The Testimony of the Sculptures, etc. Many words of the Sumerian language were borrowed by the Semitic Babylonians, and a few (like hekal, "temple," Semitic (h)egal, "great house") entered the other Semitic languages.6. Sumerian and Other Equivalents 4. For the rest, the principal differences between Sumerian and Semitic Babylonian are: (1) post-positional suffixes instead of prepositions; (2) verbs with long strings of prefixes and infixes to express the persons and regimens, instead of a prefix and a suffix; (3) compound words, both nouns and verbs, are common instead of being exceedingly rare. 1915. Here the tower of Babel was built ( Genesis 11:1-6 ), and the city of Babylon. To show this the following transcribed example will probably suffice:13. (3) Babylon:Babylon, for which see BABEL; BABYLON. Babylon, for which see BABEL; BABYLON. The Classical period (2700-2150 b.c.). Its kings and viceroys were among the most renowned, though apparently unknown outside their own domains. Erech, in Genesis 10:10, is one place such a ziggurat has been excavated. C. The Sumerian renaissance. The Land of the Sea (that bordering on the Persian Gulf), in which, seemingly, the Chaldeans afterward settled, seems to have played an important part in the early history of Shinar. The reference to the Sumerian sculptures in (7) above will have shown that the inhabitants of the Plain of Shinar possessed an art of no mean order and of some antiquity, even at the time when it first presents itself to our notice. Later on came Evedoreschus, the native Enwe-duran-ki, renowned as a priest favored by the gods. Sen'ar was therefore in all probability an ancient Babylonian designation of the tract, now lost, but regarded by the Hebrews as synonymous with Babylonia.5. Belonging to Babylon, also, was the renowned city Borsippa, now Birs, or the Birs Nimroud, the traditional site of the Tower of Babel.See BABEL, TOWER OF. Its most celebrated king, after Gilgames, was Lugal-zaggi-si, one of the opponents of the rulers of Lagas. 46:9; Nah. Score: 4.8/5 (69 votes) . As one of its early kings, Berosus mentions Alorus, "the shepherd of the people," as having reigned for 10 sari, or 36,000 years. Despite his efforts to restore the rights of the individual, his people failed to withstand the pressures of Lugalzaggesi of Umma who took over the city and was himself soon thereafter conquered by the powerful Semite, Sargon of Agade who thus brought Sumer. What does the name Shinar mean? Cush begot Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one on the earth. After the Flood, the sons of Shem, Ham, and Japheth stayed first in the highlands of Armenia and then migrated to Shinar.[5]. Copyright 2022, Bible Study Tools. Attack of the foreign raiders. Some distance East of Warka was the territory of Lagas, now Tel-loh--a little state, rather in accessible, but of considerable importance to the antiquarian, which is a testimonial to the advance in civilization which it had made. An etymology for the southern (Babylonian) Shinar has been proposed in ingi-uru (A. Poebel, AJSL LXVIII [1934]) and 8th cent. to the Race: Not only the language, but also the sculptures which they have left, point to the probability that the earlier inhabitants of Shinar belonged to a different race from the later. Often, however, the equivalent term for Babylonia is Ehi, probably an abbreviation of Eridu, and here standing for the land belonging to that sacred city-"the good city," a type of Paradise, Babylonia being, in fact, situated upon the edinu, or "plain. At the same time archeological data from distinct periods of occupation e.g. (13) The Land of the Sea:The Land of the Sea (that bordering on the Persian Gulf), in which, seemingly, the Chaldeans afterward settled, seems to have played an important part in the early history of Shinar. From the inscriptions it would seem that the primitive language of Shinar was not Semitic, but the agglutinative idiom now named Sumerian--a tongue long regarded as Turanian, and having, it is thought, Turko-Chinese affinities--gal, "to be," Turkish ol-mak; ama (ana), "mother," Turkish ana; abba, "old man," Turkish baba, "father"; (h)e, "house," Turkish ev, etc. Orr, James, M.A., D.D. All rights reserved. Its earliest act of defiance was building the Tower of Babel. It is the modern 'Abu-habbah, "father of grain." a.d. Syr. 5) and a-an-a-ra in Hitt. In Genesis 14:1,9, King Amraphel rules Shinar. The northern tract was called Akkad, after the name of its capital city (see ACCAD). Many words of the Sumerian language were borrowed by the Semitic Babylonians, and a few (like hekal, "temple," Semitic (h)egal, "great house") entered the other Semitic languages. In certain passages, some versions of the Bible translate the word for "Shinar" as "Babylonia" for clarity's sake. The Greek form Sen(n)aar shows that, at the time the Septuagint translation was made, there was no tradition that the `ayin was guttural, as the supposed Babylonian forms would lead us to expect. 12. Under a dominant Sem. Fuente: Fausset's Bible Dictionary SHINAR. Senar denoted the land around Baghdad. Genesis 14:1. There is evidence for a primitive form of democracy which soon clashed with the growing power of the priests and temple, but eventually outclassed the latter through the control of military forces. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". In genesis 10.10. Upe or Upia, the Greek Opis, apparently obtained renown at a very early date, its kings being given in the great chronological list before those of Kis. The Greek form Sen(n)aar shows that, at the time the Septuagint translation was made, there was no tradition that the `ayin was guttural, as the supposed Babylonian forms would lead us to expect.
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