Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and from industrial processes (cement and metal production). The Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Christiana Figueres, called on countries to swiftly implement what has been agreed in Doha so that the world can stay below the internationally agreed maximum two degrees Celsius temperature rise. The Doha Conference should be seen as an opportunity for enhancing economic sectors during crises by linking climate-resilient economy . Asked the newly formed Adaptation Committee to consider creation of an adaptation forum to be held annually in conjunction with the COP. The 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference was the 18th yearly session of the Conference of the Parties to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 8th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. With so many tracks being negotiated simultaneously, the talks were procedurally more complex than ever. After the Copenhagen climate summit of 2009 failed to come up with a new deal everyone could agree with, the Doha amendment to the Kyoto protocol was adopted in 2012. It is the first one held in an oil-rich Middle Eastern country. The FINANCIAL December's climate change conference in Paris aims to come up with an international agreement to help limit global warming after 2020, but it is far . Download (pdf, 209 KB). The Amendment sets a goal of reducing GHG emissions by 18% compared to 1990 levels for participating countries. Little further progress was made in most areas, leaving parties to decide where given issues would be taken up once the AWG-LCA was shut down. The EU and other countries taking on targets under the second period will have continued access to the Kyoto mechanisms from the start of the period. Qatar air bridge delivers urgent aid as Pakistan battles catastrophic floods The targets of all countries participating in the second period will be revisited by 2014 with a view to considering raising ambition. Doha: Future climate agreement may merge agriculture, land use change and forestry DOHA, Qatar (8 December, 2012)_A unified approach to managing landscapes to achieve food security while protecting the world's natural resources could make it on to the U.N. climate change agenda in 2015, in time for a 2020 emissions reduction agreement, said Tony La Vina, a negotiator for the Philippines. And it demonstrates political commitment towards pre-2020 action which is important to build trust ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference COP26 in Glasgow next year," said UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa. The Amendment sets a goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% compared to 1990 levels for participating countries. This underscores the need for the future climate regime to involve action by all countries. For several years, the negotiations have proceeded largely within two tracks: the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP), which was launched in 2005 to negotiate a second round of Kyoto emission targets for developed countries; and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA), which was launched in 2007 with the aim of a broader agreed outcome also encompassing the United States, which is not a Kyoto party, and developing countries. Source: Joint Research Centre. They also pledged to deliver $30 billion as fast start finance by 2012. On 21 December 2012, this 'Doha Amendment' was circulated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations acting in his capacity as Depositary to all Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. In 2009, the Copenhagen Accord, a political agreement not formally adopted by the full COP, set a goal of limiting global warming to 2 degrees Celsius; set finance goals of $30 billion in 2010-2012 and $100 billion a year by 2020; called for new or stronger mechanisms to address finance, transparency, adaptation, technology and forestry; and invited parties to put forward mitigation pledges. Nor should individual governments, businesses and others hesitate to take bottom-up action and support local grassroots initiatives. It works with the media in Africa and beyond to promote the work of the United Nations, Africa and the international community to bring peace and development to Africa. Pressing for more help coping with climate impacts, small island and least developed countries won the launch of a process to consider establishment of a new mechanism to address loss and damage from extreme weather and from slow onset impacts such as sea level rise. The other countries taking targets are Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Norway, Switzerland and Ukraine. The United States and other developed countries strenuously resisted opening any pathway to direct compensation, and the impasse nearly blocked agreement on the overall Doha package. A limit on purchases of surplus emission budgets ('AAUs') from the first commitment period will apply. The Gulf state was among the participants at the global COP26 Summit. The goal of December's climate conference in Paris is to agree the final text and then to implement it from 2020. 9th November 2022 track changes in powerpoint 365 Leave a Comment The UN's top climate change official Patricia Espinosa is calling on those governments who have not yet done so to ratify the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol so that it can enter into force. For the second period the EU has taken on an emissions reduction commitment in line with its domestic target of cutting emissions by 20% of 1990 levels by 2020, but has left the door open to stepping up this reduction to 30% if the conditions are right. Still unable to agree on a long-term global emissions goal or a year when global emissions should peak, resolved only that global peaking should occur as soon as possible, with a longer timeframe for developing country emissions to peak. The resulting compromise calls for the establishment at COP 19 of institutional arrangements, such as an international mechanism, to address loss and damage in particularly vulnerable developing countries. Decided that a planned review of the adequacy of the 2-degree goal, and of progress toward achieving it, will be informed by a structured expert dialogue jointly guided by SBSTA and SBI, with reports to both COP 19 and COP 20. Share of proceeds During the first commitment period, two percent of the proceeds from the sale of CDM credits have been channeled into an Adaptation Fund for developing countries. These emissions pledges were formalized into the UNFCCC process the following year under the Cancn Agreements, which also incorporated other essential elements of the Copenhagen Accord and took some initial steps to implement them. The workplan sets out a schedule of events and suggests themes to be addressed under both workstreams. The Amendment will formally enter into force within 90 days from 1 October 2020, when the 144th instrument of acceptance was received by the Depositary. The decisions also extend a work programme on long-term finance for a year, with the aim of helping developed countries identify pathways for scaling up climate finance to $100 billion per year by 2020 from public, private and alternative sources in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparent implementation by developing countries. What we need now is more ambition and more speed. Parties also took final decisions under a parallel negotiating track launched in 2007 in Bali that has produced new mechanisms on finance, review, adaptation, and technology, as well as voluntary emission pledges from 94 countries. A package of decisions on finance adopted by the conference encourages developed countries to keep climate finance in 2013-15 to at least the average level of their fast start finance. The Africa Renewal information programme provides up-to-date information and analysis of the major economic and development challenges facing Africa today. According to the report, the experts have cited a rapidly expanding field of research that assesses the impact of climate change on particular extreme weather events shortly after they occur, while communities are still dealing with their life-altering consequences. Entry-into-force of the Doha amendment is triggered when 144 Parties to the Kyoto Protocol have accepted it. Thousands of government representatives, international organizations and civil society members have gathered in the Qatari capital of Doha for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, which kicked off today with a call to build on and implement previously agreed decisions to curb global carbon emissions by the year 2020. Extended through 2013 a work program aimed at identifying potential sources of long-term finance; Invited developed countries to submit by COP 19 their strategies by scaling up finance by 2020; and. story highlights. African countries are among those least likely to have the resources needed to withstand adverse impacts from climate change. To maintain funding levels in light of low prices for CDM credits, parties decided that, in the second commitment period, a share of proceeds will also be collected from the other Kyoto flexible mechanisms (emissions trading and Joint Implementation), and from any new market mechanisms under the UNFCCC. The remaining issues were both technical and political. In December 2014, experts, specialists and parliamentarians met in Lima to negotiate a text to succeed the Kyoto protocol. 3 mins read. The conference adopted a ratifiable amendment setting out the rules governing the second period. As a result the world's nations launched negotiations to strengthen the global response to climate change and in 1997 adopted the Kyoto Protocol, which initially only contained binding targets for emissions reductions until 2012. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) brought to a close two long-standing negotiating tracks and advanced a new, unified track that aimed for a comprehensive legal , View Details Source: Joint Research Centre As the Doha amendment only includes targets up until 2020, the search has been on for a new international agreement to succeed it. Developing countries sought commitments to actually finance the Green Climate Fund (GCF), which was established in Durban but remains empty. Among the many decisions taken, governments: The Platform has a dual mandate: to draw up a new global climate agreement with all countries, to be adopted in 2015, and to identify ways to achieve more ambitious global emission reductions for 2020 in order to close the gap between current emission pledges and what is needed to hold global warming below 2C. The Doha Amendment's entry into force is a strong signal of a unified, multilateral commitment to address climate change. The debate on climate change takes place on Tuesday 9 June and the vote the next day. Although the United States said it welcomed a discussion of the principles application in a new agreement, it strenuously objected to its unqualified inclusion in the Doha text. Doha climate change deal clears way for 'damage aid' to poor nations EU, Australia and Norway also sign up to new carbon-cutting targets as fortnight-long conference in Qatar closes Delegates. Adopting the tabular reporting format to be used by developed country parties when submitting biennial reports on their mitigation actions. She noted that it represents political commitment to pre-2020 action, which, she said, is necessary to build trust ahead of the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK. Endorsing the selection of Songdo, Korea, as the location of the Green Climate Fund, which is expected to start its work in the second half of 2013 and launch activities in 2014; Confirming a consortium led by the U.N. Doha addressed a key concern of developing countries by agreeing to establish institutional arrangements, such as an international mechanism, to address loss and damage associated with the impacts of climate change in particularly vulnerable developing countries. The conference reached an agreement to extend the life of the Kyoto Protocol, which had been due to expire at the end The climate talks in Durban have moved the climate agenda forward with the Durban Platform. The second period forms part of the transition to the global agreement taking effect in 2020. The reduction commitment will be fulfilled jointly by the EU and its Member States, Croatia and Iceland. The latest cabinet reshuffle by Qatar's Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani last month saw the re-creation of an environment and climate change ministry, headed by Minister Faleh bin Nasser Al Thani. Very intense negotiations lie ahead of us. The perennial issue of finance for developing countries surfaced on multiple fronts in Doha. Protecting the environment and supporting sustainable development are at the forefront of Qatar's priorities. Looking further ahead, the COP said the ADP should consider elements for a draft negotiating text for the new agreement no later than COP 20, with a view to making available a negotiating text before May 2015.. At the same time, parties concluded parallel negotiations the Bali Action Plan launched in 2007. But we have managed to cross the bridge. Otherwise, the decision concluding the first year of the Durban Platform talks was strictly procedural. Therefore, new or updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs) countries are expected to submit in 2020 remain critical for reaching the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement to keep global warming well below 2C and pursue efforts to limit the temperature rise to 1.5C above preindustrial levels. Throughout the conference, they pushed strongly on multiple fronts for countries to strengthen their existing emission pledges, and for developed countries to strengthen their finance commitments despite strong indications coming into Doha that neither would be forthcoming. Photograph: Osama Faisal/AP It will run for eight years, thus ensuring no gap occurs between its end and the entry into force of the new global agreement in 2020. Climate Change: Road To Doha The Durban CCC decided to complete the works of the AWG-LCA and AWG-KP in 2013 (Doha) and launch a process to develop a protocol, another legal instrument and/or an agreed outcome with legal force under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change applicable to all Parties and complete ADP works no later than 2015 and implement it by 2020. A UN climate change conference in Doha, Qatar, concluded in December 2012 with a new agreement called the Doha Climate Gateway. Its major achievements include the further extension until 2020 of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as a work plan for negotiating a new global climate pact by 2015, to be implemented from 2020. What else happened: Nelson Mandela released from prison after 27 years behind bars The conference took place from Monday 26 November to Saturday 8 December 2012, at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha. While the amendment provides for the continuation of legally binding greenhouse gas targets, the second-round targets encompass barely 15 percent of global emissions. Climate change agreement: from Kyoto to Doha and beyond. Climate Change Conference in Doha, Not yet on track for 17 percent reduction, Durban Platform Negotations Work Stream One, The Durban Platform: Issues and Options for a 2015 Agreement, Elliot Diringers Statement on Doha Climate Talks, UN climate talks stumble as scientists raise alarm, Nature, Climate talks buffeted by the force of Superstorm Sandy, Los Angeles Times. Both are to begin in 2013 and end in 2014. Watch it live on our website. The Durban Platform calls for an outcome with legal force applicable to all starting in 2020. Climate change, in its core, is a kind of economic challenge. The conferences most significant achievement was adoption of an amendment to the Kyoto Protocol establishing a second round of binding greenhouse gas emission targets for Europe, Australia and a handful of other developed countries. MEPs are this week voting on a recommendation to ensure that the Doha climate agreement, setting targets for emissions reductions up to 2020, is still ratified by the end of the year. <p>The Doha climate change conference laid the basis for more ambitious international action against climate change in the short term, took a modest step towards a new global climate agreement to be finalised in 2015 and enabled a second period of the Kyoto Protocol to start on 1 January 2013.</p> The SDG Update compiles the news, commentary and upcoming events that are published on the SDG Knowledge Hub each day, delivering information on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to your inbox. Developing countries pressed in particular on the United States, hoping for stronger commitments in the wake of President Obamas reelection and Hurricane Sandy. The Durban Platform calls for a post-2020 agreement under the Convention taking the form of a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force and applicable to all Parties. It does not directly invoke the core UNFCCC principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities the United States would agree to that only if the Durban Platform also noted that countries circumstances had evolved since the UNFCCCs launch, a condition that developing countries would not accept. At the 2009 Copenhagen negotiations, developed countries committed to pay $100 billion per year by 2020 (Green Climate Fund) to assist developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. But climate change will not wait for the adoption of binding international climate change agreements. Doha initiated a new phase in which all the major issues would be negotiated in a single track aiming for a new agreement with legal force applicable to all starting in 2020. The following year in Durban, parties took additional steps to implement the Cancn Agreements, including establishing the Green Climate Fund and procedures for the reporting, measurement and verification (MRV) of countries actions. In Doha the EU demonstrated that it is on track to provide the full 7.2 billion it has pledged in 'fast start' finance for the period 2010-12 and assured its developing country partners that climate finance will continue after this year. The review is to conclude at COP 21. Once in force, the emission reduction commitments of participating developed countries and economies in transition (EITs) become legally binding. As they completed the initial year of the new negotiating round, parties began staking out positions on the difficult substantive issues that loom ahead, but agreed only on procedural steps mapping out a loose process for the next three years of negotiations. December's climate change conference in Paris aims to come up with an international agreement to help limit global warming after 2020, but it is far from the first one. Even the assertion in the final text that the ADP should be guided by the principles of the Convention drew a formal reservation from the United States arguing that it should not be interpreted as a reframing of the Durban mandate. Despite the limited advances on financing, African countries registered five positive developments from the Doha conference: Effectively meeting the challenge of climate change will require a compromise of monumental proportions by all countries. The 1992 United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change sought to slow down the increase in global temperatures, but by 1995 it was clear that it was inadequate. The claim came as nearly 200 governments gathered in Doha, Qatar, for two weeks of talks aimed at forging an agreement on the climate. More than a decade on, in December 2012, Doha hosted the international climate talks for parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol 1997 . Doha amendment After the Copenhagen climate summit of 2009 failed to come up with a new deal everyone could agree with, the Doha amendment to the Kyoto protocol was adopted in 2012. June 9, 2015. Check our infochart above to see how global CO2 emissions have evolved over time. In the run-up to Doha, Australia announced that it would join and New Zealand that it would not. Decided that institutional arrangements between the COP and the GCF will be developed jointly by the GCF Board and the new Standing Committee on Finance, for adoption at COP 19. The Durban Platform will thus be the sole negotiating forum for the 2015 agreement. Several EU Member States and other developed countries announced specific finance pledges for 2013 and in some cases up to 2015. Research from NRDC scientists shows how inaction on climate change is responsible for many billions in health costs each year in just the United Statesas communities around the world. By both delivering on the promise of a Kyoto amendment and ending the parallel Bali track, Doha initiates a new phase in which all the major issues will be negotiated within a single track called the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. Since our last update in July 2019, 15 countries have ratified the Doha Amendment, bringing the total number of ratifications to145. This introduced a "second commitment" period from 2013 to 2020 with new emission commitments that were at least equally ambitious as those under the first period. Developed countries, however, agreed to neither. The task of the AWG-KP in Doha was to translate last years political commitment to new Kyoto targets into legal text amending the protocol, thereby formally establishing a second commitment period. The Doha Amendment, which establishes the Kyoto Protocol's 2013-2020 second commitment period, has received the required number of ratifications to enter into force. The Amendment sets a goal of reducing GHG emissions by 18% compared to 1990 levels for participating countries. These include essential work to trigger greater climate action and to take the next concrete steps to fill existing gaps in the international policy response to climate change. [UNFCCC Press Release] [Status of the Doha Amendment] [UN Treaty Collection Doha Amendment Webpage] [Doha Amendment]. At that time, with the expiration of Kyotos initial targets looming, the European Union and others agreed to take a second set of binding emission targets, but only if other parties agreed to launch a new round of negotiations toward a comprehensive successor agreement. Credit: American Public Power Association, UN Treaty Collection Doha Amendment Webpage, Glasgow Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 26), Multilateral Environmental Agreement Body. More than 80 countries, including all the major economies, offered quantified pledges to be fulfilled by 2020. ", Sofoclis Aletraris, Cypriot Minister for Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, whose country currently holds the presidency of the Council of the European Union, added: "This package of decisions provides a solid basis for increasing the ambition level of global emissions action by 2015. Article - . Copyright cover photo BELGAIMAGE/AGEFOTOSTOCK /P.Cairns, United Nations: Framework Convention on Climate Change, Recommendation on the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, Recommendation concerning Iceland's participation in the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. African countries thus left Doha with little more than they already had. Gateway, parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) brought to a close two long-standing negotiating tracks and advanced a new, unified track aiming for a comprehensive legal agreement in 2015. The conference's most significant achievement In a series of incremental steps, the COP: In other decisions, parties took further steps to operationalize new institutions established in Durban, notably: The Durban Platform talks, aiming for a new global agreement in 2015, present an opportunity to assess and strengthen the international climate change effort. By both delivering the promised Kyoto amendment and ending the Bali track, Doha initiated a new phase in which all the major issues would be negotiated in a single track called the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, aiming for a new agreement with legal force applicable to all starting in 2020. The following sections provide background on the negotiating process and summarize key elements of the Doha Climate Gateway. Approval of the amendment, which now must be ratified to enter into force, concludes a negotiation begun in 2005 in Montreal. Certain eastern and central European countries have large surpluses because their emissions dropped sharply as a result of the post-Communist economic collapse and restructuring. Qatar is the world's largest producer of liquefied natural gas. Disappointedly, a report by the African Climate Policy Centre of the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) shows that of the $29.2 billion pledged since 2009, only 45 per cent has been committed, 33 per cent allocated and about 7 per cent actually disbursed.. The European Parliament participated in the Lima conference with a delegation of 12 MEPs. [UNFCCC website]. The entry into force of the Doha Amendment occurs at a time when global emissions are likely to result in an increase of global average temperatures of 3C above preindustrial levels, the UNFCCC warns. The decision makes no reference to the notions of liability or compensation. Richard Munang is a policy and programme coordinator for the Africa Climate Change Adaptation Programme of the UN Environment Programme and Zhen Han is an environmental policy graduate fellow of the Council of World Women Leaders at Cornell University in the US. 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